你知道It's gone south和It went south的意思嗎? 它是指"讓我們?nèi)ツ戏?嗎?這里south 到底是指哪里?
如果你把所有的It's gone south都認(rèn)為是"去南方"的意思, 那可就犯錯誤了,實際上很多情況下它已經(jīng)沒有"去南方"的意思了,而是"情況變得越來越糟糕"的意思。South在這里為什么會有這層意思呢?會不會是短語sell down the river(欺騙某人, 出賣某人)中"down" 所指的當(dāng)年奴隸制度盛行的美國南部地區(qū)?
當(dāng)我們使用to go south / to head south的比喻義時,其表達(dá)的意思是"下降,變壞;數(shù)量、質(zhì)量或價值的減少"。To go south和to sell down the river這兩條習(xí)語基本上沒什么聯(lián)系, 最多,我們經(jīng)常將"去南方"(to go to the south)說成"南下"(to go down to the south)。
據(jù)《美國習(xí)語用法詞典》記載go south的用法在20世紀(jì)初就有了。但我們目前資料庫中最早的用法已經(jīng)是1974年9月21日出版的《商業(yè)周刊》: "The market then rallies, falls back to test its low--and just keeps 'heading South,' as they say on the Street." 查閱20世紀(jì)80年代前的報刊雜志,幾乎所有用到go south的地方用的都是其字面意思,而沒有什么比喻義用法的跡象。例如:"clothes designed for those who go South for the winter",又如路標(biāo)指示語中所用到的"go south on Route 424"等等。
1985年2月出版的電視文摘公司《每日通訊》上有g(shù)o south做習(xí)語用的句子: "Rosy view of VCR impact was somewhat contradicted during dinner talk by Frank Biondi, exec. vp of Coca-Cola's Entertainment Business Sector and ex-chmn. of HBO. In other countries, when VCR penetration hits 30%, 'theatrical attendance starts to go south and very quickly,' Biondi said."
但當(dāng)時south仍經(jīng)常被加引號使用,說明這個短語的比喻義用法還不那么被廣泛接受。在一場籃球賽事后所做的評論里,勝方的一名隊員被引述說: "We were fortunate. When you play on the road, things can go 'south' for you" (摘自美聯(lián)社1986年1月24日電訊).出現(xiàn)在1986年的一則引語當(dāng)中的south是用來指人的: "'Then all but one of those I nominated voted for the freeway site', the Mayor remarked wryly. 'You know people you put in office go south on you sometimes'" (摘自《紐約時報》).
今天,如果翻翻流行雜志的話,會發(fā)現(xiàn)go south的比喻義用法比比皆是。1990年12月一篇有關(guān)電腦的文章里寫到:"A PC clone may go south, and you're left with a pile of junk that is not supported by anyone" (InfoWorld)。而Forbes Magazine一篇文章里預(yù)測電腦銷售前景不妙的標(biāo)題更能生動地體現(xiàn)這個短語的意思:"PC Sales Go South For The Holidays."
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