大家可能對(duì) “scapegoat”的意思非常熟悉,但是對(duì) “whipping boy ”可能并不熟悉,實(shí)際上二者的意思非常接近。
Whipping boy 的比喻義就是“充當(dāng)替罪羊的人或物,代人受過(guò)”。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在實(shí)際中用途頗多。如:"[There is no] one 'right' way to teach reading....To support phonics instruction and make the advocates of 'whole language' the whipping boy does a disservice to our schools and teachers" (摘自1997年《時(shí)代周刊》);
又如:"Building 31 also is not immune from the siege mentality that generally can mark Microsoft. 'We're very much a whipping boy in the academic community'" (摘自1999年《華盛頓郵報(bào)》).
不過(guò),并不是任何人都可以當(dāng)whipping boy的,只有那些本來(lái)社會(huì)地位就不低、受過(guò)教育的、并且是貴族成員的親密伙伴的人才有資格做whipping boy 。
17世紀(jì),whipping boy 的用法只限于它的本意,在接下來(lái)的時(shí)間里,除非在歷史文獻(xiàn)里,這個(gè)意思已經(jīng)沒(méi)有人在用了。而其作為“充當(dāng)替罪羊的人或物,代人受過(guò)”比喻義的用法在19世紀(jì)開(kāi)始被廣泛使用。
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