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 Language Tips > 2001
Catch-22
 讀過美國(guó)作家 Joseph Heller小說Catch-22嗎? 在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中catch-22作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞,使用頻率也是非常高的。Catch-22現(xiàn)在用來形容任何自相矛盾、不合邏輯的規(guī)定或條件所造成的無法脫身的困境。

Joseph Heller的小說Catch-22(《第二十二條軍規(guī)》)中有這樣一段對(duì)話:

Yossarian looked at him soberly and tried another approach. "Is Orr crazy?" "He sure is," Doc Daneeka said. "Can you ground him?" "I sure can. But first he has to ask me to. That's part of the rule." "Then why doesn't he ask you to?" "Because he's crazy," Doc Daneeka said. "He has to be crazy to keep flying combat missions after all the close calls he's had. Sure, I can ground Orr. But first he has to ask me to." "That's all he has to do to be grounded?" "That's all. Let him ask me." "And then you can ground him?" Yossarian asked. "No. Then I can't ground him." "You mean there's a catch?" "Sure there's a catch," Doc Daneeka replied. "Catch-22. Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy."

此時(shí)擺在他們面前的就是一個(gè)自相矛盾的前提條件,具體地說,如果 Orr 真的神志不清,他完全可以不去執(zhí)行這次飛行任務(wù)。此時(shí)他所要做的就是提出停飛申請(qǐng);但一旦他真的提出申請(qǐng),也就表明他并未神志不清,他必須去執(zhí)行這次飛行任務(wù);如果 Orr 真的神志不清,他就會(huì)去執(zhí)行更多的飛行任務(wù);而如果他是清醒的,他肯定不會(huì)這樣做,但如果他是清醒的,他又必須去執(zhí)行這次飛行任務(wù);如果他愿意去執(zhí)行飛行任務(wù),就表明他神志不清,此時(shí)他根本無須去執(zhí)行飛行任務(wù);但如果他不愿意去執(zhí)行飛行任務(wù),就表明他的神志是清醒的,此時(shí)他就必須去執(zhí)行這次飛行任務(wù)。簡(jiǎn)單而又荒唐的邏輯,他們不就是碰到了一個(gè) Catch-22嗎?

又例如,如果我是一位還沒有發(fā)表過作品的作家,也就是說,我的作品沒有在出版社出版過;我拿著我的作品去出版社商討出版問題,出版社的人卻對(duì)我說,他們不替沒有發(fā)表過作品的人出版作品。如果所有的出版社都給我同樣的答復(fù),我豈不是就遇上catch-22了!

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